China overtakes US as world's top investment magnet

[GENEVA] China overtook the flagging United States to become the top destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) last year, according to the United Nations economic thinktank UNCTAD.

The United States has long been the world leader in attracting FDI, traditionally made up mainly of cross-border mergers and acquisitions and new corporate projects overseas, but last year its net inflows fell by two-thirds to US$86 billion (S$116.3 billion), preliminary data published on Thursday shows.

That was largely down to a deal between US firm Verizon Communications Inc and its British partner Vodafone , which included a share buyback that reversed US$130 billion of foreign investment out of the United States.

Meanwhile China's share of global FDI has been creeping up, reaching US$128 billion last year.

James Zhan, director of UNCTAD's investment and enterprise division and lead author of the annual report, said the U.S. figure might rebound this year but China's rise had momentum, with a change in the kind of projects attracting FDI there. "There's an increase of FDI into the services sector, and a slowdown of growth into manufacturing. And within manufacturing, investment into high tech is growing while labour intensive FDI has been declining," Zhan said.

Moreover, a new draft foreign investment law pointed to a liberalising trend that would make China even more attractive, even though some sectors would remain off-limits for foreign investors, he said.

"They are going for the regulatory model like the US and Europe, (moving) from the traditionally tightly controlled tight screening of a project-by-project approval review model, into a more liberal model."

Globally, FDI flows fell by 8 per cent last year to US$1.26 trillion, the second lowest level since the start of the financial crisis. "Overall, a solid FDI rise remains distant," Zhan said.

The fragile world economy, hesitant consumer demand, currency volatility and geopolitical instability could all deter investors, the UNCTAD report said.

In 2014, many economies saw an increase - including the European Union, which attracted US$267 billion, 13 per cent up from 2013, and India, with a 26 per cent surge to US$35 billion.

Security worries contributed to a slowdown in the Middle East and North Africa, while lower commodity prices helped cut FDI flows to Latin America by 19 per cent to US$153 billion.

Flows to Russia fell to about US$19 billion, a drop of 70 per cent from 2013, a year when its FDI was boosted by a single big oil deal.

REUTERS