Hao Nan

THE WRITER IS A RESEARCH FELLOW WITH THE CHARHAR INSTITUTE

Turkmenistan offers China something rarer than another gas field: a discreet land access to Iran.

China’s Eurasian hedge runs through Turkmenistan

The country in Central Asia helps turn connectivity from a route into an insurance policy

The central question is whether Iran can make the economic price of continuing the war too high, too global and too prolonged to ignore.

Iran’s real weapon is the world economy

Missiles, drones, mining threats and selective maritime disruption can be enough to make insurers, traders, shipowners and governments reprice risk