Some of the largest US banks got a profit boost from higher interest rates and pointed to early signs of recovery in investment banking but warned that the economy was slowing and losses would increase in commercial real estate.

In their earnings on Friday, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo reported sharp increases in net interest income, which measures the difference between what banks earn on loans and pay out on deposits, that drove up profits.

Citigroup, meanwhile, said profit tumbled 36 per cent in the second quarter as weakness in the bank’s trading business blunted gains from its personal banking and wealth management.

JPM’s shares rose 2.8 per cent and Wells’ shares rose 4 per cent while Citi rose 1 per cent.

US consumers still have a healthy balance sheet, the banks said, but warned spending was slowing and there had been a modest deterioration in some consumer debt.

“The US economy continues to be resilient,” JPMorgan chief executive Jamie Dimon said. But he added that consumers are “slowly using up their cash buffers.”

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On a conference call, the largest US bank’s chief financial officer, Jeremy Barnum, said loan growth demand is muted apart from cards and auto segments. The CFO added that the bank was seeing “green shoots” in trading and investment banking, but it was too early to call a trend.

There have been growing worries around the health of the US economy against a backdrop of aggressive interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve and high inflation. Investors have worried that high interest rates could push the economy into a recession, but the outlook remains uncertain.

Wells CEO Charlie Scharf said the range of scenarios for the economy should narrow over the next few quarters. For now, the economy is performing better than many expected but will likely continue slowing.

Wells Fargo said consumer charge-offs, meaning debts that a bank has written off and does not expect to recover, continued to modestly deteriorate.

Wells also reported that provision for credit losses included a US$949 million increase in the allowance, mainly for potential losses in commercial real estate (CRE) office loans, as well as for higher credit card loan balances.

“While we haven’t seen significant losses in our office portfolio to-date, we are reserving for the weakness that we expect to play out in that market over time,” Scharf said.

Bank of America and Morgan Stanley will announce their results on July 18, followed by Goldman Sachs on July 19. REUTERS