US dollar steady before Fed meeting; euro dips on rate-cut timing

THE US dollar was steady on Monday (Jan 29) as investors took stock of US economic data ahead of the Federal Reserve policy meeting this week, while the euro edged lower as rate-setters weighed in on the timing of interest rate cuts.

The dollar index, which measures the US currency against six rivals, was up less than 0.1 per cent at 103.61 on Monday and remained close to the six-week high of 103.82 it touched last week. The index is set for a 2 per cent gain in January as traders temper expectations of early and deep US interest rate cuts.

The Fed in December surprised markets by taking a dovish tilt, resulting in traders pricing in aggressive easing, with a cut expected as early as March.

But since then, strong economic data and pushback from central bankers have prompted traders to adjust expectations. Markets are currently pricing in a 49 per cent chance of a rate cut in March, the CME FedWatch tool showed, compared with an 86 per cent chance at the end of December.

“Speculation about the near-term path for interest rates continues to be the dominant factor driving financial market moves,” said Lloyds Bank economist Nikesh Sawjani.

“The Fed currently faces a US economic picture that sees economic activity still holding up better than expected even though inflation measures continue to move down. That hardly suggests that the economy urgently needs rate cuts.”

Data on Friday showed US prices rose moderately in December, keeping the annual increase in inflation below 3 per cent for a third straight month.

Investor attention this week will be on the US Federal Reserve’s policy announcement on Wednesday, with the central bank expected to stand pat on rates, leaving the spotlight on Fed chair Jerome Powell’s comments. “We do not expect the Fed to rush on rate cuts at this meeting, which is likely to keep the US dollar firm across the board,” said Roberto Mialich, global FX strategist at UniCredit Bank.

The euro was down 0.2 per cent at US$1.0825, and was headed for a near 2 per cent decline in the month. The European Central Bank last week held interest rates at a record-high 4 per cent and reaffirmed its commitment to fighting inflation.

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The next move will be an interest rate cut but policymakers speaking on Monday differed on the exact timing of when, with some making the case for easing as soon as the April meeting.

“It’s relatively dovish speak from a couple of ECB members that’s driving the euro a little bit softer,” said Michael Brown, market analyst at Pepperstone. Traders are now fully pricing a move in April, with almost 150 basis points of easing priced in for the year.

Sterling was at US$1.2700, flat on the day, ahead of the Bank of England’s policy announcement on Thursday.

The Japanese yen strengthened to 147.935 per dollar, but is on course for an almost 5 per cent decline in January, its weakest monthly performance since June 2022, as traders temper their expectations of when the Bank of Japan would exit from its ultra-loose policy.

“Towards the end of December we saw positioning become net long Japanese yen – perhaps fuelled by expectations for both, aggressive Fed easing, as well as rapid BOJ policy normalisation,” said Sid Mathur, head of Asia macro strategy and emerging market research at BNP Paribas.

“But both those expectations have been scaled back over the past couple of weeks, and the BNPP positioning indicator suggests that those yen longs have also been reduced.”

Investors are also wary of growing geopolitical risks after three US service members were killed in an aerial drone attack on US forces in north-eastern Jordan near the Syrian border. Such uncertainties could provide the safe-haven yen with a temporary lift, analysts said. REUTERS