Aramco surges in debut trading to make Saudi exchange world's ninth biggest

Dubai

SAUDI Aramco jumped 10 per cent to the daily limit in its trading debut in Riyadh after completing a world-beating initial public offering (IPO).

The shares advanced to 35.2 riyals (S$12.76), giving it a market value of US$1.88 trillion. The world's most profitable company sold the shares at 32 riyals, the top-end of the offering range.

Aramco's valuation has meant that it has overtaken Microsoft Corp and Apple Inc as the most valuable listed company.

Saudi officials have pulled out all the stops to ensure that the stock trades higher.

"It's likely that we will see Aramco bid up to US$2 trillion or higher in the first days of trading, and potentially to trade limit up on the first day," said Zachary Cefaratti, chief executive officer at Dalma Capital Management Ltd, which bought shares in the IPO through three funds.

The start of trading in Riyadh marks the end of a near four-year saga that has been intertwined with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's rise to global prominence and his Vision 2030 plan to reform the Saudi economy.

First announced in an interview with The Economist news magazine in January 2016, the IPO set records but fell short of the US$100 billion international offering with a valuation of US$2 trillion that the prince once proposed.

Even before any first-day pop, Aramco is so big that it will easily dwarf the rest of the companies in the Saudi market, which have a combined value of about US$500 billion.

Adding in Aramco, the kingdom's bourse is now the world's ninth-biggest stock market, overtaking India and closing in on Germany and Canada. Saudi Arabia, though, only sold 1.5 per cent of the company's capital, meaning that barely any of its shares will trade.

Foreign investors baulked at the prince's sought-for valuation, citing concerns including governance issues and possible security threats to stay away from the stock. Still, final orders surpassed US$119 billion, with authorities allowing lenders to boost loans beyond the usual to support the sale.

"There are a lot of transparency issues in the disclosures; and based on the expected listing valuation, it doesn't seem one is getting paid for that uncertainty or opacity," said Adam Choppin, an investment officer at FIS Group in Philadelphia, who decided not to buy shares. "Reportedly, it seems that a good amount of local investors have been cajoled into participating, whereas no such leverage exists over foreign investors."

Aramco's IPO was said to have relied on some of the kingdom's richest families, who had members detained in a hotel during a so-called crackdown on corruption in 2017, and also on cash from neighbouring allies such as the sovereign wealth funds of Kuwait and Abu Dhabi.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) investors are confident that the stock price has plenty of room to increase, boosted by incentives that go from bonus shares to fast inclusion in emerging-market benchmarks.

A surge in early trading "would validate our thesis that Aramco's pricing fell short of US$2 trillion to leave upside on the table for Saudi and GCC investors, allowing them to benefit from the listing of Saudi's crown jewel", said Dalma Capital's Mr Cefaratti.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc, acting as share stabilising manager, has the right to exercise an option to sell another 450 million shares. It could be executed in whole or in part up to 30 calendar days after trading begins. The previous largest IPO, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, rose 38 per cent in its trading debut in 2014.

The Aramco IPO proceeds will be transferred to the Public Investment Fund, which has made a number of bold investments, including into SoftBank Group Corp's Vision Fund and a US$3.5 billion stake in Uber Technologies Inc.

Saudi authorities flagged this week that "a lot" of the money will be spent in the domestic economy.

The proceeds of the Aramco deal alone are equal to more than a decade of IPOs on Tadawul, the Saudi stock exchange, which has already said that the company's weighting in the main local benchmark will be capped at 15 per cent.

And even though Aramco's free float is among the lowest globally, the deal opens up one of the world's most secretive companies, one that bankrolled Saudi Arabia and its rulers for decades, but until this year had never published financial statements or borrowed in international debt markets.

Aramco has promised a bumper dividend payment of a minimum US$75 billion a year until at least 2024. That could make yields competitive with the likes of Exxon Mobil Corp and Royal Dutch Shell plc, but also threatens to stretch the world's largest oil producer if prices fall. BLOOMBERG