China is set to deliver another lacklustre economic report card

[BEIJING] Key economic data for November is set to show that China’s domestic demand remained subdued – or even weakened further – offsetting the country’s solid performance in exports.

The numbers to be released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Monday (Dec 15) are expected to show retail sales rising 2.9 per cent in November from a year earlier, the median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg shows. This would match the weakest gain since August 2024.

Investment in fixed assets such as factories, new properties and machinery is seen contracting by 2.3 per cent over the January to November period, against a year before.

This would mark a plunge unseen outside the Covid crisis in figures going back to 1998, based on Bloomberg calculations. This is largely due to China’s continuing property slump.

Industrial production, a key metric for a Chinese leadership that prioritises manufacturing prowess, is projected to rise 5 per cent in November from the same month a year earlier. This would be up only slightly from 4.9 per cent in October, despite a rebound in export growth in November.

“Most activity indicators could have stayed lacklustre,” Citigroup economists wrote in a recent note previewing the figures.

While authorities have moved to inject stimulus, the effects may still be in “a very early stage” when it comes to the parts of the economy tied to construction, they added.

A weak set of data would highlight the risk of relying on foreign demand to propel the economy. Exports are broadly forecast to slow next year after a surprisingly strong 2025, as trade tensions with non-US markets intensify.

China’s top leaders, at key economic meetings held this week, listed boosting domestic demand as the top priority in the new year, signalling vigilance against uncertainties in foreign trade.

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They pledged to keep policies supportive for growth, although no aggressive measures appear to be on the cards as yet.

The projected moderation in November’s consumption growth was likely driven by a weakening in car sales and an earlier-than-usual start of “Singles’ Day”.

That calendar shift for online shopping promotion meant some demand moved into October, said Goldman Sachs Group economists.

Cars make up about 9 per cent of China’s overall retail sales, one of the biggest among all categories. Retail vehicle sales dropped about 8 per cent last month, a rare decline in what is usually the busiest time of the year, data from the China Passenger Car Association (CPCA) has previously showed.

The drop accelerated in the first week of December, with sales down 32 per cent against a year before, the CPCA reported.

The downturn might be a symptom of the waning of a flagship government drive to spur consumer purchases of goods such as cars with subsidies.

“This sharp contraction signals an intensifying payback effect from the trade-in programme,” Nomura economists wrote in a note on Thursday. The financial benefit was used in 52 per cent of cars sold in the first 11 months of the year, they estimate.

China earmarked 300 billion yuan (S$54.9 billion) – raised from issuing ultra-long sovereign special bonds – to fund the subsidies, double the amount granted last year. 

UBS economists expect the government to further increase the funding to 400 billion yuan in 2026.

The money may allow authorities to raise the cap on subsidies for some durable goods, and provide more general benefits for certain non-durable goods and services.

“We still think an early disbursement of consumption subsidies next January may be possible to anchor expectations and mitigate high-base disruptions,” they wrote in a Friday note.

Turning to the more industrial side of the economy, October’s slide in investment spending puzzled observers last month. Goldman economists said that the drop was partly due to a statistical correction by the NBS of previously over-reported data.

Goldman also pointed to the government’s “anti-involution” campaign – in which officials are trying to battle overcapacity and ruinous competition – and the property downturn.

The bank’s economists estimate fixed asset investment was down 9.5 per cent last month from a year earlier, after decreasing 11.4 per cent in October. The NBS does not break out year-on-year monthly figures for that data series.

Earlier this week, at their Central Economic Work Conference, Chinese leaders vowed to shore up investment with measures such as increasing central government spending, optimising the use of local special bonds and leveraging a financing tool for banks.

They also promised to relieve local fiscal strains and steady the property market.

“We will push for investment to stop declining and stabilise,” policymakers said in a readout of the meeting, released on Thursday. BLOOMBERG