Tall Dutch due to natural selection, says study

Paris

THE Netherlands is the land of giants: on average, its women stand at almost 1.71m (5.6 feet) tall, and its men 1.84m. But how the Dutch became the world's tallest people has been somewhat of a mystery.

After all, two centuries ago they were renowned for being among the shortest. What happened since then?

A popular explanation is nutrition - a calorie-stuffed diet rich in meat and dairy products. But that can't be the whole story, experts say. Other European countries, too, have enjoyed similar prosperity and a rise in living standards, yet their citizens have not shot skywards as much.

The average male height in the Netherlands has gained 20 cm in the last 150 years, according to military records. By comparison, the height of the average American man has risen a mere six cm over the same period.

Researchers led by Gert Stulp, a specialist in population health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, combed a Dutch database for clues. Called LifeLines, the record contains exhaustive detail about the lives and health of more than 94,500 people who lived in the northern provinces of the Netherlands from 1935 to 1967.

In this three-decade snapshot, the people who had the most children were tall men, and women of average height, the team found.

For example, the most fertile men were seven cm above the average height. Statistically, they had 0.24 more children on average than the least fertile men, who were about 14 cm below the average height. Compared to counterparts in other countries where they often tended to have fewer children, taller women also reproduced more in the Netherlands.

Many postponed having children until after their studies, but once they forged a successful relationship, they often had a large family.

The study did not involve genetic testing, but concluded from the observations that natural selection must have played a part: with time, more and more Dutch started sporting tall genes. "Natural selection in addition to good environmental conditions may help explain why the Dutch are so tall," said the study published on Wednesday in the Royal Society journal Proceedings B.

"Height is very heritable - taller parents tend to have somewhat taller children than shorter parents," Mr Stulp said.

There seems to be a cultural preference as well. Mr Stulp pointed to figures showing that, in the US, shorter women and men of average height have the most reproductive success. AFP