After 'multi-crisis', Europe faces battle on four fronts

London

WITH Germany's election over, Europe has reached the end of a season of continuous political upsets. It is now time for actions that adequately respond to the upheavals created by all these votes.

Frans Timmermans, the European Commission's first vice-president, last year described the state of Europe as "multi-crisis": Brexit, refugees, "illiberal democracy" in Hungary and Poland, the still-unresolved euro crisis, and the geopolitical risks attributable to US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin. All are challenging the "European project" that began 60 years ago with the Treaty of Rome.