The war on ‘woke’ universities will slow US innovation
IT IS hard not to sympathise with the Trump administration’s criticisms of US universities. The ivory tower has been badly corroded in recent years by the twin evils of the “woke mind virus” and administrative bloat.
Some academic disciplines – all those “studies” – are fixated on the evils of the West. The administrative class has multiplied so fast that some universities have more administrators than professors. The authorities have failed to stand up to mobs who threaten Jewish students or silence visiting speakers. And for all this, some institutions have the gall to charge undergraduates upwards of US$100,000 a year!
Yet universities are far more than just incubators of wokery. They are also powerful engines of US prosperity – central nodes in the world’s most successful innovation system, magnets for global talent, generators of patents and products, and linchpins of the scientific-industrial complex.
The danger is that a prolonged stand-off between the administration and academia – and it looks as if both sides are digging in – will damage these engines even as other countries, particularly China, are building powerful engines of their own.
Why does America lead the world in a wide range of foundational technologies from information technology to artificial intelligence to genetics? Why does it boast the lion’s share of the world’s Big Tech companies? Why does it rejoice in more immigrant entrepreneurs than anywhere else? Why is it awash with patents and new products?
The answer to all these questions lies in its universities. Universities are at the heart of the most productive US regions, such as Silicon Valley and Raleigh-Durham. They are umbilically linked to its most successful companies, such as Google. They suck in the cleverest people in the world: More than half of Silicon Valley startups were founded by immigrants, many of whom first arrived on US shores as university students.
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The most hard-headed Trumpists might reply that America has paid too high a price for its success in brain-intensive technologies. University cities have pulled so far ahead of the rest that they almost belong to a different country. Amazon has killed Main Street while Facebook has rotted the American mind.
Yet America’s universities are as vital to its manufacturing success as to its tech success. The World Management Survey demonstrates conclusively that one reason for America’s outstanding productivity is the quality of its management. Harvard Business School continues to lead the world in producing captains of industry; about 20 per cent of US undergraduates study business as either a major or a minor.
The commercial triumph of America’s universities is deeply rooted. The land-grant universities, founded in the 1860s and 1890s, were designed to focus on agriculture and technology. During the Cold War, the government poured money into Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) research and education to beat the Soviet Union. From the 1970s, both Democrats and Republicans fell in love with startups and science parks.
But the triumph also depends on a delicate balance between various players – the government, businesspeople, philanthropists and academics.
The state plays an arms-length role in funding – it provides billions in research grants, but distributes them through professional bodies and academic competition. The universities fund themselves through a variety of sources (including gifts and fees), rather than just relying on the government. Professors are left as much as possible to pursue their own ideas, but are provided with grants, facilities and marketing assistance if they want to turn their ideas into products.
The Trump administration threatens to destroy this delicate balance by withholding billions of dollars in federal funding, unless the recipients comply with a long and open-ended list of demands – in effect, nationalising America’s elite universities. Harvard has rightly refused to comply with this demand, putting US$9 billion worth of funding at risk, and is suing the government. Dozens of other universities show signs of following in its wake.
The impasse between government and academia could not have come at a more dangerous time. Every ambitious country has dreamt of creating its own version of Silicon Valley. China in particular has pulled off an extraordinary revolution by pouring money into higher education, particularly in Stem, and sending their own scholars to study in the US.
Competition has already eroded America’s lead in innovation. The number of US universities in the top 20 in the Times Higher Education university ranking is declining. China accounts for a higher proportion of the world’s patent applications than the US (25 per cent versus 21 per cent in 2021) and a higher proportion of publications in scientific journals (27 per cent versus 13 per cent).
China is catching up with the US in terms of world-class economic clusters, with three in the world’s top 10 compared with America’s four. Chinese researchers are at the forefront in a growing number of areas, including additive manufacturing, blockchain, computer vision, genome editing, hydrogen storage, self-driving vehicles and hypersonic missiles.
Other countries see Donald Trump’s clodhopping ways as a chance to weaken America’s innovation leadership still further: France has launched a noisy campaign to attract top US scientists (Aix Marseille University is even contemplating creating a new category of “refugee scientist”) and Britain, with a disproportionate share of the world’s best universities, is doing the same thing more subtly.
The Trump administration is constantly pulled this way and that between its Jacksonian instincts of railing against the “liberal” elites and its Hamiltonian desire to achieve national greatness by state activism. Giving into its Jacksonian instincts will no doubt give the Trump base a thrill.
Before becoming vice-president, Senator JD Vance’s introduction of a Bill to raise the tax on large endowments, from 1.4 per cent to 35 per cent for universities with endowments larger than US$10 billion, sent the right side of the social media world into paroxysms of ecstasy. Vance said it would drain funds that would otherwise be used for “DEI (diversity, equity and inclusion) and woke insanity”.
But it will also seriously damage America’s ability to compete both economically and militarily with other economic blocs, particularly China. There are far better ways of dealing with the woke mind virus than reducing funding to scientists and technologists, who probably wished that the virus had never been hatched in the first place. Trump and Vance should eschew the fun and go with Hamilton over Jackson. BLOOMBERG
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