The case for US global leadership

Washington

DURING almost three decades as a member of the US Foreign Service, I was privileged to play a modest role in the design and nurturing of what many call the "liberal rules-based international order". Today, that order - created by Americans and our allies and friends and supported and upheld by US military and diplomatic power - is under attack at home and abroad.

As a diplomat, I learned that how one describes things matters. The words "liberal rules-based international order" mean nothing to 99 per cent of the American public. Indeed, this mantra is likely heard by sceptics as an elite chant emerging from what President Donald Trump derides as the "swamp" or Ben Rhodes, a former national security official during the Obama administration, called the "blob". The urgent challenge is to convince a larger audience that the international system the United States created and defended remains a crucial foundation of Americans' wealth and power.

The RAND Corporation recently described that foundation: "Since 1945, the United States has pursued its interests through the creation and maintenance of international economic institutions, global organisations including the United Nations and G-7, bilateral and regional security organisations including alliances, and liberal political norms."

Today, the benefits of this system are not obvious to many Americans. Thanks to US leadership of a globalising economy and multilateral international political system, most Americans are better off but not all. Millions in the United States and around the world feel financially insecure and culturally neglected. They fear that their countries' best days are behind them - and many voted for Brexit, Mr Trump and Hungary's authoritarian Prime Minister Victor Orbán.

While supporters of the "existing international order" talk of complexity, nuance and interconnectedness, Mr Trump talks directly and effectively to voters' fears and anxieties. In his speech to the UN General Assembly last September, Mr Trump said he wanted to promote a world defined by "sovereignty, security and prosperity". That's an order people who feel beleaguered can understand.

The irony is that Mr Trump has so far shown limited capacity to implement that vision. When he attacks and then praises individual US allies, or denigrates then hails Nato, before again questioning the US commitment to collective defence, he creates what one observer calls "whiplash", not support for US interests. Mr Trump is right to tell the Nato allies to meet their commitment to spend 2 per cent of GDP on defence. But then raising the ante to an unrealistic 4 per cent is either a sure policy loser - if he actually seeks that outcome - or a strategy designed by Mr Trump to end the most successful military alliance in history.

Mr Trump's approach to trade is similar. Mr Putin must be delighted with Mr Trump's description of the European Union as a "foe on trade" in advance of their meeting in Helsinki. Likewise, while Nafta undoubtedly needs revision, Mr Trump's threat to walk away would put at risk millions of American jobs based on trade and investment with Mexico and Canada. There is a similar story when it comes to steel and auto tariffs: General Motors recently warned that tariffs on imported cars and parts could lead directly to US job losses.

In Asia, Mr Trump is right to expect China's support for a denuclearised North Korea and to focus attention on Beijing's many unfair trade practices, energetic theft of intellectual property and continuing militarisation of the South China Sea. But the chances of getting the Chinese to pay serious, sustained attention to US interests will surely be increased if Beijing is faced with a concerted effort by the US, its allies and friends. Instead, Mr Trump abandoned the Trans Pacific Partnership, a trade agreement designed to strengthen the US position in Asia, and has attacked, along with America's Nato allies, Mexico, Japan and Korea.

Mr Trump assumes that insulting US allies and friends makes him look strong to his base. One reason he succeeds is that supporters of the existing international order remain trapped defending words which generate little passion and entice no new followers. Those who believe that America remains a powerful force for good in the world must now make this case in new, more forceful ways. Instead of further exhortation to support the "liberal rules-based international order", here are five "truths" to use in public:

There are disadvantages to trying this new pitch. Some US allies and friends, who helped establish today's order and also greatly benefited from it, probably won't welcome any change in emphasis in the existing rules. But with the stakes so high, these allies and friends must accept more explicit talk of patriotism and national self-interest from those who oppose Trumpism. They must also recognise that they can do much more to promote the West's common defence and security interests and acknowledge that there need to be changes and new processes in the international system.

A global struggle is underway to define the future of relations among nation-states. On one side is an anger-driven, fearful nationalism. On the other is an aspiration for an evolving international system still based on what The Economist describes as "America's unique willingness to lead by fusing power and legitimacy". The result of this battle of ideas will, in the end, produce some new form of international system or at least loosely defined ways for nations to interact.

If we hope to bequeath the benefits of US global power and influence to future generations, the support of the American people is required. Those who support US global leadership must adopt more direct and convincing ways to talk about how the US designed-international system promotes and protects America's interests. Progress is not a zero-sum game in which global progress comes at the expense of America's. Americans need to rally behind the idea that US global leadership is essential to their prosperity and way of life. YALEGLOBAL ONLINE