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稀土新冷战：中国在美国关税牌局中的王牌？

这场对抗体现了一个更广泛的现实：相互依存不再保证稳定，而是保证了制衡力。

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中国最新的稀土出口管制措施经过精心择时，旨在影响美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）（左）与中国国家主席习近平即将在韩国举行的亚太经合组织（Apec）峰会。照片：法新社

DeeperDive is a beta AI feature. Refer to full articles for the facts.

Tan Kong Yam

Published Tue, Oct 14, 2025 · 11:29 AM

本文由AI辅助翻译

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2025年的秋天成为中美关系的一个转折点。周四（10月9日），中国商务部宣布对稀土元素（REE）、磁铁及相关技术实施全面的出口限制，这些技术对于电动汽车、半导体和国防系统至关重要。

新规定将分阶段于11月8日和12月1日实施，不仅适用于在中国开采的材料，也适用于含有超过0.1%中国产稀土元素或使用中国技术制造的外国产品。

美国总统特朗普谴责此举为“经济侵略”，并威胁从11月1日起对中国进口商品征收100%的关税，同时对“关键软件”实施新的出口禁令。而北京方面则将该政策描述为迈向“负责任和安全贸易”的一步。这些针锋相对的措施标志着经济战进入了一个新阶段，其战场不再是关税，而是技术和材料的相互依存。

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Geopolitics US-China relations Donald Trump Xi Jinping Rare earth metals Trade war

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