MANUFACTURING growth is slowing from Asia to Europe as China’s Covid-19 curbs and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine disrupt supply chains, while the growing risk of a recession in the United States poses a new threat to the global economy.

High prices in the eurozone meant demand for manufactured goods fell in June at the fastest rate since May 2020 when the coronavirus pandemic was taking hold, with S&P Global’s headline factory Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) falling to a near 2-year low of 52.0 from 54.6.

“June’s eurozone PMI surveys showed a further slowdown in the services sector, while output in the manufacturing sector now seems to be falling outright,” said Jack Allen-Reynolds at Capital Economics. “With the price indices remaining extremely strong, the eurozone appears to have entered a period of stagflation.”

Japan's factory activity growth slowed to a 4-month low in June as China's Covid-19 curbs disrupted supply chains, while many other economies in Asia were also facing headwinds amid growing risks to the outlook from a potential US recession. The au Jibun Bank flash Japan Manufacturing PMI slipped to 52.7 in June from 53.3 in May, marking the slowest expansion since February, the survey showed on Thursday (Jun 23).

The readings are closely scrutinised as financial markets fret over sharp interest rises by the Federal Reserve, and further aggressive tightening planned over coming months, which have substantially raised the risk of a US recession.

"The global macroeconomic outlook has deteriorated materially since end-2021," said Fitch Ratings, which slashed this year's global growth outlook to 2.9 per cent in June from 3.5 per cent in March.

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"Stagflation, which is characterised by persistent high inflation, high unemployment and weak demand, has become the dominant risk theme since late Q122 and a plausible potential risk scenario," it said in a report released this week.

A growing number of market players, including US investment firm Pimco, are warning of the risk of a recession as central banks across the globe tighten monetary policy to fight persistently high inflation.

A string of recent data globally showed policymakers are walking a tight rope as they try to defuse inflation pressures without tipping their respective economies into a steep downturn.

US retail sales unexpectedly fell in May and existing home sales tumbled to a 2-year low, a sign high inflation and rising borrowing costs were starting to hurt demand.

Britain's economy unexpectedly shrank in April, adding to fears of a sharp slowdown as companies complain of rising cost of production.

In Asia, South Korea's exports for the first 10 days of June shrank almost 13 per cent year-on-year, underscoring the heightening risk to the region's export-driven economies.

And in China, while exporters enjoyed solid sales in May, helped by easing domestic Covid-19 curbs, many analysts expect a more challenging outlook for the world's second-biggest economy due to the Ukraine war and rising raw material costs.

In a sign of the pandemic's lingering impact, auto giant Toyota Motor cut its July global production plan by 50,000 vehicles as semiconductor shortages and Covid-19 parts supply disruptions continued to curb output.

"Despite the recent easing of lockdowns in China, suppliers' delivery times continued to lengthen last month, albeit at a slightly slower pace," said Marcel Thieliant, senior Japan economist at Capital Economics. REUTERS