South-east Asia risks missing global chip boom as fab investments bypass region

[KUALA LUMPUR] South-east Asia risks being left out of the global semiconductor manufacturing boom unless it moves faster to build front-end capabilities, industry leaders warned, as billions of dollars in new chip plants are set to come online elsewhere.

Ajit Manocha, president and CEO of Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (Semi), said around 89 new wafer fabrication plants are expected to start operations globally by 2029, with the bulk concentrated outside the region.

Of these, about 64 fabs will be located in Asia, 19 in the US and nine in Europe. South-east Asia, however, is expected to attract only about six.

“That’s a very small share,” Manocha said at the Semicon Southeast Asia conference on Tuesday (May 5).

“South-east Asia needs more wafer fabs to strengthen its position. This would benefit not only the region but also the global economy,” he said, noting that there will be at least 50 fabs coming up in 2035 to meet future demand.

The warning comes as the semiconductor industry enters what Manocha described as a structural growth phase, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), data centres and next-generation computing.

According to him, there will be another 50 fabs coming by 2035 to support the industry growth. “South-east Asia is well-positioned, but it needs to step up,” he said. “The opportunity is there, the question is whether the region can move fast enough to capture it.”

Semiconductor sector value approaching US$2 trillion

What was once considered an ambitious target of a US$1 trillion industry by 2030 is now likely to be exceeded, said Manocha. “By 2035, the semiconductor sector could exceed US$2 trillion… this is the multi-trillion journey,” he added.

He noted that capturing that growth will require more than technical capability as the biggest constraints are policy-related.

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“Moving up the value chain is less about capability and more about strategy,” he told The Business Times in a separate interview, noting that countries need clear national plans and must be willing to deploy large-scale incentives to attract these investments.

Wafer fabrication plants are among the most capital-intensive industrial projects, often requiring tens of billions of dollars in upfront investment and long-term policy certainty.

Beyond their status as one of the most profitable sectors globally, semiconductors have become a cornerstone of national security, essential to both economic stability and long-term prosperity, he said.

Their importance to humanity is only accelerating as they sit at the convergence of transformative technologies such as AI, quantum computing and next-generation healthcare.

“Countries must align their strategies around three pillars: national security, economic prosperity and societal impact. Without strong motivation in these areas, progress will be limited,” he added.

Malaysia looks beyond back-end role

In the opening remarks, Malaysia’s Investment, Trade and Industry Minister Johari Abdul Ghani acknowledged the urgent need to move from back-end assembly to front-end innovation in the semiconductor value chain.

Despite decades of success, Malaysia’s semiconductor sector remains concentrated in assembly, testing and packaging, with heavy reliance on imports, due to limited capabilities in integrated circuit design and wafer fabrication.

Malaysia’s electrical and electronics sector remains its largest export category, valued at RM711 billion (S$229 billion). Of that, semiconductor exports accounted for RM465 billion.

However, semiconductor imports (particularly integrated circuits) stood at RM308 billion, reflecting the country’s limited presence in higher-value segments such as chip design and wafer fabrication.

“This highlights the urgency of moving up the value chain,” Johari said.

The government has rolled out a national semiconductor strategy aimed at transitioning Malaysia from a service provider into what it calls a “technology owner”, with a focus on attracting investments in fabrication, design and advanced packaging.

Data centres as a stepping stone

Malaysia has also seen a surge in investment in data centres, particularly in Johor, as global technology firms expand their regional footprint.

The country has solidified its position as a top data centre hub in South-east Asia, with 143 approved data centre investment projects worth RM144.4 billion recorded between 2021 and mid-2025.

While some critics have described these facilities as little more than “digital warehouses” with limited technology transfer, Manocha said they represent a necessary starting point.

“There’s nothing wrong with being a host for data centres,” he said. “But the next step is to move up the value chain – into ownership, management and the broader digital ecosystem.”

That includes building capabilities in chip design, advanced manufacturing and emerging technologies such as AI and quantum computing.