Fed warns of worsening US economy as retail, factories hit

Washington

THE devastation caused to the US economy by the novel coronavirus pandemic was thrown into even sharper relief Wednesday with new government data and a report from the Federal Reserve warning the bloodletting would continue.

Lockdowns necessitated by the pandemic caused economic activity to contract "sharply and abruptly", the Fed report said, and most businesses surveyed across the country expected "conditions to worsen in the next several months".

The warnings in the central bank's "beige book" came after the Fed and Commerce Department earlier in the day released monthly surveys that showed contractions not seen in decades for retail sales and manufacturing, both crucial for the world's largest economy.

About 17 million people have lost their jobs since mid-March but the Fed, which has already slashed its benchmark interest rate to zero and pumped trillions of dollars of liquidity into the financial system, said "the near-term outlook was for more job cuts in coming months".

With more than two million cases worldwide, the spread of Covid-19 has driven the global economy into its deepest recession in a century, with the International Monetary Fund warning that as much as US$9 trillion will be slashed from global GDP.

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The Fed listed leisure and hospitality along with retail - except for essential services - as industries badly affected due to social distancing measures and mandated closures.

Most of the 12 Fed districts reported declines in manufacturing as well, and though food and medical products reported strong demand they faced both production delays, due to infection-prevention measures, and supply chain disruptions.

On Wall Street, markets had opened lower and stayed that way throughout the day, with the Dow closing down 1.9 per cent.

March industrial production data released by the Fed earlier on Wednesday showed similar damage among manufacturers.

The index declined by 5.4 per cent, its largest drop since 1946, while output dropped 6.3 per cent, also its biggest fall in seven decades, with the pain felt across most industries.

While acknowledging the data were "very bad," Ian Shepherdson of Pantheon Macroeconomics warned the worst was yet to come.

"Further big drops are likely in April, because lockdowns began to bite hard only in mid-March, so roughly half the month was largely unaffected by the virus crisis," he said.

Data on statewide manufacturing from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, home to the worst novel coronavirus outbreak in the country, showed business activity plummeting by more than ever.

The Empire State Manufacturing Survey fell by 57 points to -78.2, its lowest level ever recorded. The index hit -34.3 during the global financial crisis that began in 2008.

A whopping 85 per cent of manufacturing firms reported business conditions had worsened while just seven per cent reported improvement, and the survey showed declines in employment, new orders, shipments and inventories.

"Severely depressed demand, supply disruptions and extremely high uncertainty will keep manufacturing on an extremely weak trajectory in the near term," Oxford Economics wrote in a note.

While predicting a recovery in New York manufacturing in the third quarter, they warned "the risk of an extended lockdown could make for a very slow and uneven recovery".

States across the US have experienced runs on grocery stores as people stocked up in the face of the pandemic, but that was not enough to stop retail sales from diving by 8.7 per cent from February, according to Commerce Department data.

Food service and drinking places were predictably hard hit, with sales plunging 26.5 per cent, while motor vehicle purchases collapsed by 25.6 per cent.

Low oil prices and travel restrictions pushed down sales at gas stations, which reported a 17.2 per cent decrease.

However, food and beverage stores reported that sales surged 25.6 per cent amid the panic buying, while health and personal care stores also reported growth of 4.3 per cent.

Online retailers saw purchases grow 3.1 percent as e-commerce buys replaced shopping outings that had suddenly become risky.

A similar trend was observed in the Fed's industrial output survey. Non-durable goods posted a decline like the rest of the index, but theirs was smaller at 3.2 per cent.

Food and beverage, paper, chemicals and tobacco products - all goods consumers could stockpile to remain comfortable indoors - decreased by 2 per cent or less, the Fed report said. AFP