US inflation increases in line with expectations in January

US PRICES picked up in January, but the annual increase in inflation was the smallest in nearly three years, keeping a June interest rate cut from the Federal Reserve on the table.

The personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index rose 0.3 per cent last month, the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Economic Analysis said on Thursday (Feb 29). Data for December was revised lower to show the PCE price index gaining 0.1 per cent instead of 0.2 per cent as previously reported.

In the 12 months through January, PCE inflation rose 2.4 per cent. That was the smallest year-on-year increase since February 2021 and followed a 2.6 per cent advance in December.

Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the PCE price index climbing 0.3 per cent on the month and increasing 2.4 per cent year-on-year. The monthly increase mirrored rises in consumer and producer prices last month, which most economists attributed to businesses raising prices at the start of the year.

Economists have argued that the model used by the government to strip out seasonal fluctuations from the data is probably not fully incorporating the beginning of year price hikes. Most do not expect the price increases to repeat in February.

“It will be prudent to hold back on passing any strong judgment till February data comes out next month, if January’s acceleration is a one-off that was perhaps due to the failure of seasonal adjustment factors to incorporate the true extent of firms raising prices at the start of the year, or whether it’s the beginning of something more worrisome for the Fed,” said Satyam Panday, chief US economist at S&P Global Ratings.

Excluding the volatile food and energy components, the PCE price index increased 0.4 per cent last month after rising by a downwardly revised 0.1 per cent in December.

The so-called core PCE price index was previously reported to have climbed 0.2 per cent in December.

Core inflation increased 2.8 per cent year-on-year in January, the smallest advance since March 2021, after rising 2.9 per cent in December. The Fed tracks the PCE price measures for its 2 per cent inflation target. Monthly inflation readings of 0.2 per cent over time are necessary to bring inflation back to target.

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US consumer spending fuels strong Q4 GDP growth

Government data on Wednesday showed slight upward revisions to inflation in the fourth quarter. Financial markets have pushed back expectations for a rate cut to June from May.

Fed officials have indicated that they are in no rush to start lowering borrowing costs. Since March 2022, the US central bank has raised its policy rate by 525 basis points to the current 5.25 per cent-5.50 per cent range.

The pick-up in inflation last month was despite consumer spending slowing. Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, rose 0.2 per cent after increasing 0.7 per cent in December. Spending remains supported by a still-tight labour market, which is keeping wage gains elevated.

A separate report from the Labor Department on Thursday showed initial claims for state unemployment benefits rose 13,000 to a seasonally adjusted 215,000 for the week ended Feb 24. Economists had forecast 210,000 claims for the latest week.

Claims are hovering at historically low levels, despite high-profile layoffs at the start of the year. REUTERS